Two proofs with the aid of "Maple 6" computer-algebra system! ----------------------------Warren D Smith April 2003-------- A COMPUTER-AIDED PROOF THAT curl( f X g ) = f div g - g div f + (g.grad)(f) - (f.grad)(g) USING "MAPLE6": > f := [F1(x,y,z), F2(x,y,z), F3(x,y,z)]; f := [F1(x, y, z), F2(x, y, z), F3(x, y, z)] > g := [G1(x,y,z), G2(x,y,z), G3(x,y,z)]; g := [G1(x, y, z), G2(x, y, z), G3(x, y, z)] > v := [x,y,z]; v := [x, y, z] > P := evalm( curl( crossprod(f,g), v ) ); [/d \ /d \ [|-- F1(x, y, z)| G2(x, y, z) + F1(x, y, z) |-- G2(x, y, z)| [\dy / \dy / /d \ /d \ - |-- F2(x, y, z)| G1(x, y, z) - F2(x, y, z) |-- G1(x, y, z)| \dy / \dy / /d \ /d \ - |-- F3(x, y, z)| G1(x, y, z) - F3(x, y, z) |-- G1(x, y, z)| \dz / \dz / /d \ /d \ + |-- F1(x, y, z)| G3(x, y, z) + F1(x, y, z) |-- G3(x, y, z)|, \dz / \dz / /d \ /d \ |-- F2(x, y, z)| G3(x, y, z) + F2(x, y, z) |-- G3(x, y, z)| \dz / \dz / /d \ /d \ - |-- F3(x, y, z)| G2(x, y, z) - F3(x, y, z) |-- G2(x, y, z)| \dz / \dz / /d \ /d \ - |-- F1(x, y, z)| G2(x, y, z) - F1(x, y, z) |-- G2(x, y, z)| \dx / \dx / /d \ /d \ + |-- F2(x, y, z)| G1(x, y, z) + F2(x, y, z) |-- G1(x, y, z)|, \dx / \dx / /d \ /d \ |-- F3(x, y, z)| G1(x, y, z) + F3(x, y, z) |-- G1(x, y, z)| \dx / \dx / /d \ /d \ - |-- F1(x, y, z)| G3(x, y, z) - F1(x, y, z) |-- G3(x, y, z)| \dx / \dx / /d \ /d \ - |-- F2(x, y, z)| G3(x, y, z) - F2(x, y, z) |-- G3(x, y, z)| \dy / \dy / /d \ /d \] + |-- F3(x, y, z)| G2(x, y, z) + F3(x, y, z) |-- G2(x, y, z)|] \dy / \dy /] > > Q := evalm( f*diverge(g,v) - g*diverge(f,v) ): > simplify( evalm( P - Q ) ); [/d \ /d \ [|-- F1(x, y, z)| G2(x, y, z) - F2(x, y, z) |-- G1(x, y, z)| [\dy / \dy / /d \ /d \ - F3(x, y, z) |-- G1(x, y, z)| + |-- F1(x, y, z)| G3(x, y, z) \dz / \dz / /d \ /d \ - F1(x, y, z) |-- G1(x, y, z)| + G1(x, y, z) |-- F1(x, y, z)|, \dx / \dx / /d \ /d \ |-- F2(x, y, z)| G3(x, y, z) - F3(x, y, z) |-- G2(x, y, z)| \dz / \dz / /d \ /d \ - F1(x, y, z) |-- G2(x, y, z)| + |-- F2(x, y, z)| G1(x, y, z) \dx / \dx / /d \ /d \ - F2(x, y, z) |-- G2(x, y, z)| + G2(x, y, z) |-- F2(x, y, z)|, \dy / \dy / /d \ /d \ |-- F3(x, y, z)| G1(x, y, z) - F1(x, y, z) |-- G3(x, y, z)| \dx / \dx / /d \ /d \ - F2(x, y, z) |-- G3(x, y, z)| + |-- F3(x, y, z)| G2(x, y, z) \dy / \dy / /d \ /d \] - F3(x, y, z) |-- G3(x, y, z)| + G3(x, y, z) |-- F3(x, y, z)|] \dz / \dz /] and yes this is (g.grad)(f) - (f.grad)(g) !! Q.E.D. ********************************************************************************* A COMPUTER-AIDED PROOF THAT grad( f . g ) = X curcl(g) + g X curl(f) + (g.grad)(f) + (f.grad)(g) USING "MAPLE6": > > f := [F1(x,y,z), F2(x,y,z), F3(x,y,z)]; f := [F1(x, y, z), F2(x, y, z), F3(x, y, z)] > g := [G1(x,y,z), G2(x,y,z), G3(x,y,z)]; g := [G1(x, y, z), G2(x, y, z), G3(x, y, z)] > v := [x,y,z]; v := [x, y, z] > P := evalm( grad( innerprod(f,g), v ) ); [/d \ /d \ P := [|-- F1(x, y, z)| G1(x, y, z) + F1(x, y, z) |-- G1(x, y, z)| [\dx / \dx / /d \ /d \ + |-- F2(x, y, z)| G2(x, y, z) + F2(x, y, z) |-- G2(x, y, z)| \dx / \dx / /d \ /d \ + |-- F3(x, y, z)| G3(x, y, z) + F3(x, y, z) |-- G3(x, y, z)|, \dx / \dx / /d \ /d \ |-- F1(x, y, z)| G1(x, y, z) + F1(x, y, z) |-- G1(x, y, z)| \dy / \dy / /d \ /d \ + |-- F2(x, y, z)| G2(x, y, z) + F2(x, y, z) |-- G2(x, y, z)| \dy / \dy / /d \ /d \ + |-- F3(x, y, z)| G3(x, y, z) + F3(x, y, z) |-- G3(x, y, z)|, \dy / \dy / /d \ /d \ |-- F1(x, y, z)| G1(x, y, z) + F1(x, y, z) |-- G1(x, y, z)| \dz / \dz / /d \ /d \ + |-- F2(x, y, z)| G2(x, y, z) + F2(x, y, z) |-- G2(x, y, z)| \dz / \dz / /d \ /d \] + |-- F3(x, y, z)| G3(x, y, z) + F3(x, y, z) |-- G3(x, y, z)|] \dz / \dz /] > > Q := evalm( crossprod(f, curl(g,v)) + crossprod(g, curl(f,v)) ); [ //d \ /d \\ Q := [F2(x, y, z) ||-- G2(x, y, z)| - |-- G1(x, y, z)|| [ \\dx / \dy // //d \ /d \\ - F3(x, y, z) ||-- G1(x, y, z)| - |-- G3(x, y, z)|| \\dz / \dx // //d \ /d \\ + G2(x, y, z) ||-- F2(x, y, z)| - |-- F1(x, y, z)|| \\dx / \dy // //d \ /d \\ - G3(x, y, z) ||-- F1(x, y, z)| - |-- F3(x, y, z)||, \\dz / \dx // //d \ /d \\ F3(x, y, z) ||-- G3(x, y, z)| - |-- G2(x, y, z)|| \\dy / \dz // //d \ /d \\ - F1(x, y, z) ||-- G2(x, y, z)| - |-- G1(x, y, z)|| \\dx / \dy // //d \ /d \\ + G3(x, y, z) ||-- F3(x, y, z)| - |-- F2(x, y, z)|| \\dy / \dz // //d \ /d \\ - G1(x, y, z) ||-- F2(x, y, z)| - |-- F1(x, y, z)||, \\dx / \dy // //d \ /d \\ F1(x, y, z) ||-- G1(x, y, z)| - |-- G3(x, y, z)|| \\dz / \dx // //d \ /d \\ - F2(x, y, z) ||-- G3(x, y, z)| - |-- G2(x, y, z)|| \\dy / \dz // //d \ /d \\ + G1(x, y, z) ||-- F1(x, y, z)| - |-- F3(x, y, z)|| \\dz / \dx // //d \ /d \\] - G2(x, y, z) ||-- F3(x, y, z)| - |-- F2(x, y, z)||] \\dy / \dz //] > > simplify(evalm(P-Q)); [/d \ /d \ [|-- F1(x, y, z)| G1(x, y, z) + F1(x, y, z) |-- G1(x, y, z)| [\dx / \dx / /d \ /d \ + F2(x, y, z) |-- G1(x, y, z)| + F3(x, y, z) |-- G1(x, y, z)| \dy / \dz / /d \ /d \ + G2(x, y, z) |-- F1(x, y, z)| + G3(x, y, z) |-- F1(x, y, z)|, \dy / \dz / /d \ /d \ |-- F2(x, y, z)| G2(x, y, z) + F2(x, y, z) |-- G2(x, y, z)| \dy / \dy / /d \ /d \ + F3(x, y, z) |-- G2(x, y, z)| + F1(x, y, z) |-- G2(x, y, z)| \dz / \dx / /d \ /d \ + G3(x, y, z) |-- F2(x, y, z)| + G1(x, y, z) |-- F2(x, y, z)|, \dz / \dx / /d \ /d \ |-- F3(x, y, z)| G3(x, y, z) + F3(x, y, z) |-- G3(x, y, z)| \dz / \dz / /d \ /d \ + F1(x, y, z) |-- G3(x, y, z)| + F2(x, y, z) |-- G3(x, y, z)| \dx / \dy / /d \ /d \] + G1(x, y, z) |-- F3(x, y, z)| + G2(x, y, z) |-- F3(x, y, z)|] \dx / \dy /] > and yes this is (g.grad)(f) + (f.grad)(g) !! Q.E.D. ******************************************************************************